Logic gate formulas

[ph1234k]

AND and OR aren't exclusively for binary, are they?

Then are indeed When you read AND, OR, etc. The default supposition is boolean unless otherwise specified.

They are not indeed. In fact AND, OR and NOT are just other names for MIN, MAX and COMPLEMENT and it does not matter how many states you have, they are defined for and work the same for all such systems. 

e.g. 0 MIN 0 = 0. 1 MIN 0 = 0. 0 MIN 1 = 0. 1 MIN 1 = 1. 

As for boolean logic, if you wanted to do that then you do it and you can convert it to a single line of redstone with a hex converter if you like. 
This post though is about 16 state logic, not 2 state logic. 16 state logic is particularly interesting over 2 state logic as it allows more realistic modeling. For instance, instead of saying something is "hot/1" or "not hot/0" you can say that something has a degree of truthfulness to being called hot between "0/not hot" and "15/hot" so that "10" can be used for instance as a degree to which calling something hot is true and still not represent it as an absolute truth. It allows more accurate modeling of the real world for such concepts and is also known as "Fuzzy Logic".

More information can be found here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzzy_logic